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Hello, I'm Erica Kelly from the podcast Southern Fried True crime, and if you want to go from podcast fan to podcast host, do what I did and check out spreaker from iheart. I was working in accounting and hating it. Then after just 18 months of podcasting with Spreaker, I was able to quit my day job. Follow your podcasting dreams, let's break or handle the hosting, creation, distribution, and monetization of your podcast. Go to spreaker.com. That's spreaker.com. Hey there, it's Ebony Monet, your co-host for the San Diego Zoo's Amazing Wildlife podcast. In this special episode, we're speaking with Doctor Jane Goodall about the fascinating journey that led to her social discoveries on chimpanzees. So four whole months, the chimps ran away from me. I mean, they take one look at this peculiar white ape and disappear into the vegetation. Being wildlife on the iHeartRadio app or wherever you get your podcasts. Hey, I'm dua Lipa and I'm thrilled to be back for the second season of my podcast Dua Lipa at your service alongside me and my guests lists and recommendations. The show features conversations with some of my biggest inspirations working across entertainment, politics, activism and much, much more. So please tune in and join me on this very special adventure. Listen to Dua Lipa at your service starting Friday 23rd of September on the iHeartRadio. Apple podcasts or wherever you get your podcasts. What's pumping my creams? I'm Robert Evans, hosted behind the ******** the podcast where we tell you everything you don't know about the very worst people in all of history. My guests today, the inimitable. The unstoppable. The dynamic duo. Sexier than Obama, deadlier than Osama. Cody Johnston and Katie stole is the best intro I've ever. Wow. We really worked on that one. Thank you so much. I loved every second of it. Also, you could have just said Obama for the second one and it would have worked well. Yeah. But I appreciate you went to the extreme. I did. I did. I did. I always like comparing my guests to famous terrorists. It felt right. It goes. It goes well every time. How are you all doing today? Great. Great. Yeah, we do have, of course, our coffee mate in the in the room with US1 pump one cream, one pump, one cream. Yeah, it expired in January 2019. You licious. That's very cool. I do have a because I throw things now on the air because I've become a prima Donna. This time it is a loaf of Isio artisan bakery, San Francisco style sourdough. Delicious. So I will be throwing this in anger at several points. I do think that coffee mate might have curdled by now, but it might make a good spread for the sourdough. That's a good. Eddie, just putting that out there. And if I wanted one cream spread on the sourdough, how many pumps would that be? Do you think 111 pump is 1 for one, though? It's so old now. And kernel, that might need two or three pumps, you know, at least to get it started. Yeah, Speaking of getting it started, you guys hear about that border militia? That apprehended hundreds of migrants at gunpoint. Yeah. You wanna hear the whole history of civilian border militias? I really do. Oh, I thought we were just gonna hang out. OK, OK, OK. That's what I told Cody to get him here. But. Table. It's working time. Yeah, that's what everybody says. Gotta get those pumps and the equal number of creams. Ideally we should get new coffee. X pump is ex cream. X pump. Except that clearly nobody wants to use it. So I don't know if you do need any more cream. Yeah, it's only a prop now it's just a prop. It's it's ambient cream. OK, let's get into it. So when I was a little kid growing up in Texas, I learned about the glorious war my white ancestors had fought against the brutal Mexican government and the evil crossdressing Santa Ana. There was a lot I did not learn, though, like that the Texas revolutionaries had been fighting for the right to own human beings and that Santa Ana was one of the founding fathers of **** fighting. I did, however, learn a lot about the Alamo from there. My Texas history course went from the short lived and incompetently LED Republic of Texas to the Civil War, and that's basically it. I don't remember learning much about Texas in the 1920s. Or anything about the border, aside from some hagiographic tales of the very first Texas Rangers. Now, in case you don't know, the Texas Rangers are basically the Lone Star states FBI, only with more spin kicking. See the documentary Walker, Texas Ranger, For more information on the Rangers and their current incarnation. I did not, however, learn much about what the Rangers had gotten up to pre and post civil war days. According to Kelly Hernandez, author of Migra History of the US Border Patrol quote, they battled indigenous groups for dominance in the region, chased down runaway slaves who struck for freedom. People in Mexico and settled scores with anyone who challenged the Anglo American project in Texas. The Rangers proved particularly useful in helping Anglo American landholders win favorable settlements of land when labor disputes with Texas Mexicans. Whatever the task, however, raw physical violence was the Rangers principal strategy. Yeah, yeah. So OK, cool, very cool how you do it. That's how you do it. Raw physical violence. The art of the raw physical violence. Just just shooting people now, I found that quote in several others in a wonderful intercept. Triple that makes it very clear just how much unchecked violence was key to early Border Patrol strategies, because the Texas Rangers evolved from a force bent on maintaining white dominance in Texas two in the early 1900s, this nation's first real Border Patrol. Here's the Intercept quote the early years of the 20th century, from 1910 to 1920, were particularly bloody, with hundreds of Mexicans murdered and lynched in the Texas Borderlands. The dead included women and children, the aged and the young, longtime residents and recent arrivals, says the refusing to forget project, an initiative started by a collective of border. Based historians and researchers they were killed by strangers, by neighbors, by the Galantes, and at the hands of local law enforcement officers and the Texas Rangers. Some were summarily executed after being taken captive or shot under the flimsy pretext of trying to escape. Some were left in the open to rot, others desecrated by being burnt, decapitated, or tortured by means such as having beer bottles rammed in their mouths. So that's the start of Border Patrol. Ah, what if we didn't do any of that? Like, what if? What if somebody looked at that and was like that? We shouldn't allow that? Well, but then you wouldn't be a country. Umm, like, OK, OK, But what if the definition of country here? What if you could, though? That's just all I'm saying is what if you could be a country and not do that? Sounds like some pie in the sky leftist. Woo. Woo, OK, OK, OK, keep dreaming, Cody, but imagine. OK. All right. No, you're right. Yes, too lofty a man. All the people not torturing migrants with beer bottles rammed in their mouths. I want to imagine not that, though. What if I what if? What if not that? What? What if not that? What if? Laws? What if not that? What if laws? This is poetic, but they broke the law by crossing an imaginary line. They had to come if they didn't want a beer bottle rammed in them. They shouldn't have come here. Yeah, that's true. And then by like, just by virtue of being here, they're they're criminals. They didn't human beings. They wanna say human beings like with these people doing this, probably use that word when you when you when you refer to them as human beings. That makes me bread throw and angry. Don't take it back, Cody. I'm not actually. Listen. If they didn't they didn't want these things to happen to them, then they shouldn't come here. We don't want to do it. This is deterrent. Oh, it's it's a deterrent. Beer bottle. One example. Yeah. So you know what you're getting. Yeah, I hate it. Did it work? No. Oh, I did it. A paper tapping gesture, which does not in any way translate to the audio format that we work exclusively in. But it was very comedic in the room. Thank you. Yeah, I'm glad it worked in the room. In the roaring 20s, inequality sword, while in oppressive drug prohibition state, led to outbursts of violent crime across the United States. By 1924, some Americans had decided that the cause of their problems were all the *** **** immigrants. We've talked a bit about this a little. In other episodes, the second KKK made halting. Integration of Keystone of its politics. Although they were mostly focused on stopping immigrants from the bad parts of Europe. But down South in Texas, many Americans decided the problem was Mexican immigrants. The need for Mexican farm labor meant that no real restrictions were put in place on immigration. But the government created the Border Patrol as a save to people who wanted something done, a capitalized, the essence, something. I heard that with the way inflected, that's why. Because they wanted something done. Yeah, but people racist in Texas were like, I don't want these Mexicans coming in and the Agri business companies were like, we can't harvest food without them. So we're not going to like, we're going to lobby the government to not restrict them from coming in. And racists were like, but that makes me angry. So the the government was like have have Border Patrol. That's where they come from. And now, yeah, I toss the bread, there goes the bread. That also says eat more toast on it. You know, what I'm noticing right now is an issue with my tossing bread today. It doesn't bounce back like the bagel. The bagels would pop right back to me. I could boomerang. I'm going to have to have Daniel go get it. Yeah. Thank you. Had some extra work for somebody. For somebody. Because I am a diva. Prima Donna. Yeah. Divas like Beyoncé Queen I have. Taking that on myself. Oh no, no, no, I'll, I'll, I'll keep throwing the bread. You're gonna get the bagels, all right? Let's continue while he grabs my toss and bagels now. The early Border Patrol was very much cut from the cloth of the Texas Rangers. The Intercept interviewed Francisco Cantu, a former Border Patrol agent who told them quote. I often heard romanticized stories of the old patrol, a lament for the days when agents had free reigns across the Borderlands, lighting abandoned cars on fire and tuning up smugglers and migrants at will. As young trainees, my colleagues and I were taken to storied places in the desert. A remote pass were earlier. Generations of agents were rumored to have pushed migrants from Cliff tops and hidden their corpses. A stretch of Rd where an agent had run over a Native American lying drunk and asleep in the road. An isolated patch of scrub land where agents had forced fed smugglers fistfuls of marijuana and turned them loose to rock through their wilderness barefoot and stripped to their underwear. There was a lot to digest there. Thank you, Daniel. What is turning up mean? Tuning up tuning means beating the **** out of yeah, of course, as time went on, the Border Patrol became gradually more professional and somewhat less like a bunch of. Like and sociopath. Good. Less being the operative word, not unlike. And we're not going to talk enough about the number of people who are killed by Border Patrol every year. Some violence still persists, but it's it's obviously less than it was in the 20s, just like we don't. You know, there's still problems with prescription drug companies, but we don't sell children morphine. A lot of things are less than the 20s. Yeah. As a general rule doesn't make it OK. It doesn't make it OK. So. They almost had that 100 years ago. Yeah, so the Border Patrol became less sociopathic, but the desire to fight immigration with Hooligan Mary remained Inter Louis Beam. You guys ever heard of Louis Beam? Oh, he is someone we will be talking about a lot in my upcoming audio book The War on everyone. Because he's like. If George Lincoln Rockwell is like the George Washington of American fascism, Louis Beam is like the the Abraham Lincoln of Nazis, yeah, that actually does not scan at all. So I don't know why I said it, but I mean, I stand it. OK, yeah, you know, yeah yeah. Lewis Beam did an 18 month extended tour in Vietnam as a helicopter machine gunner. He saw extensive combat and spent roughly 1000 hours shooting bullets at people, accounting for between 12 and 51 kills. When he came home it was as a radicalized far right white nationalist with fervent anti communist views. In the early 1970s, beam created the Clan Border watch, part of a new trend towards paramilitary training among the KKK beam stated at the time when our government officials. Refuse to enforce the laws of the country. We will enforce them ourselves. OK, Umm, great. That's what the, that's the why the. That's that's the constitution. That's yeah, our God-given right to take the law into our own hands. Exactly. Yeah, exactly. If the government won't stop people who are critical to the infrastructure and economy of this nation from entering illegally because the legal pathways are a gigantic pain in the *** then it's got to be up to the KKK to do it. That just makes sense. That doesn't make me question any of my feelings about immigration or immigrants, or what people think about getting rid of them. I'll just take those. Two things at face value and never think about it again. You know what? You know what I love is never thinking about things again. Just never think about it again. Just never think about it again. It's easier that way. It's way easier that way. Now we're going to, as I said, talk about Louis Beam so much more during the war on everyone, my upcoming very fun audio book that everyone is going to love, find uplifting and, dare I say, shamefully ******. But for the purposes of our story today, the tale of the Clan Border Watch has a lot more to do with two different and somewhat more comical racists, Tom Metzger and David Duke. Yeah, you knew David this ************. Yeah, yeah. Now, Metzger was beams counterpart in the California Ku Klux Klan and Duke was, well, we'll get to David Duke. A little bit anyway. Here's how bring the war home by Kathleen Belew, describes the Klan Border Patrol quote. The patrols function both as a publicity stunt and as a way to inculcate real anti immigrant hostility and encourage acts of violence. Some patrols worked as photo opportunities for the press and one such incident, Duke and California KKK members Hung clan border watch signs on their cars and drove to the border near San Diego and Tijuana when no undocumented immigrants appeared. Duke boasted to reporters. I think some Mexicans are afraid to enter the country. Because of the clan. See, there's that deterrent working. There's that deterrent working. Yeah, that's that's because if if the KKK being there, it didn't work. So like, let's just take your kids away, that's the next step. And then just like. It doesn't work. OK, well, I guess like tear gas, you know? That doesn't work. Stop bullets. I didn't want to think about it more. I was going to put that away. I wasn't going to, you know, just not analyze that until the shooting star. Remember what you're talking about. I put it away. Have to put away. These throwing bacon, they really see that. You're my feet. I we gotta stick with the throwing bagels. This this toss into bread is is tossing dough. Tossing dough doesn't work. What are you laughing at, Sophie? This is very important. I'm doing a very important podcast right now. What if the toss and bread company offered to sponsor this show? You know, I have too much integrity. That's what I like to hear. I mean, I'll let them sponsor the show, but I'm not going to lie and say that the tossing bread is better than the throne. Take care. You gotta be honest. Anyone can advertise as long as the truth can be told. Exactly. The bread is for curdled cream, and that's and that's what we stand behind. I mean, I'll say this it's more fun to throw the bread, but the bounce back is so much more satisfying. On the on the tossing bagels. You know I'm gonna throw the bagels, yeah. 4 pumps, one cream. I mean, we we could test that out. Let's not, let's not, but let's do. Someday, when we when we inevitably do the drunk episode of this podcast, we'll figure out exactly how these relate to one of those little Creamer packets you get in the 711 in one year when it's a year old, when it's a year old cream, we'll figure that out. Yeah, so Tom Metzger and David Duke are both important figures in the development of the American fascist movement. But the day I want to go into a little bit more detail about David Duke, he's been racist longer than most Americans have been alive. During the 1960s, when he was in high school, he was already an ardent white nationalist. When he went to College in 1969, he became a student organizer for the National Socialist White People's Party. A direct descendant of George Lincoln Rockwell's Nazi party. Duke also started the White Student Alliance and the White Youth Alliance he was. Particularly active in Louisiana State University's Free Speech Alley, according to Leonard Zeskind's blood and politics quote, in one incident from those early years, duked on the Nazi Stormtrooper uniform, complete with swastika armband, and strode around for the cameras with a picket sign protesting a campus speech by noted left wing attorney William Kunstler. Free speech. Checks out. Sounds like a real good conservative. Sounds like a real good guy. What if, let's say, he and these people were to get a lot of power? Do you think they would care about free speech? Yeah, of course you think they would. They would defend free speech for people who maybe disagree with them. You know that's not free speech, Cody. Free speech is my ability to talk about what I want. I don't give up. Caleb someone else. I was reading about a free speech activist, a guy named Hitler. Hitler, something like that. In Germany. I think it's pronounced Hitler. Hitler, yeah. And he came to power actually in in the early 1930s. I haven't read, you know, further in the book that I'm reading about him, but I think he was a real free speech crusader. Well, because he thought, I don't, you know, I haven't finished the book. I'll get. I'll get through one of these days. Next time, yeah, we can talk about Hitler. The California Border Patrol was Duke's brain baby first and foremost, although Metzger handled most of the logistics, blood and politics describes the media campaign he crafted around these patrols. Relating the press conference, in October of 1977, David Duke stepped out of a rented helicopter and onto the grounds of the San Ysidro Port of entry South of San Diego, a federal office used by the Immigration and Naturalization Service INS to regulate traffic on the border with Mexico. Dressed in a light blue business suit, Duke was surrounded by an entourage of tough looking men in street clothes, all members of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. They faced a protest group angry at the clan's public appearance. An egg splattered on Duke's clothes and a rock broke the windshield of a klansman's car. Police arrested the rock thrower, while an IRS agent in charge welcomed the Klansmen and gave them a guided tour of the port facility for Duke and Company. This visit was the first stop in an effort to stir up opposition to brown skinned immigrants. We believe very strongly white people are becoming second class citizens in this country, Duke told the press. When I think of America, I think of a white country, honestly, that just make it. We try to keep this light and fun, but my blood. Boils a little bit, like I feel my shoulders inching up to my ears. I could because you're angry at the the anti free speech. People who talked to rocket. That kind of right? Wanna you you you got me. No one let him speak. Yeah, I mean, I think you're doing a great job because you're, like relaying the message, but like speaking right now, yeah, these rockers, egg throwers, they might as well be shooting guns. They might as well be shooting guns and should be treated as such. Also, what about those poor baby eggs? Those poor baby chickens? That could have been murder. 1/3 of an omelet. Yeah, as the current President of the United States says, maybe we should treat them throwing rocks as if they were guns. Yeah, yeah that makes sense because you know it when you toss a rock that can go on a solid 1520 feet per second and you know a rifles only like 3000 feet per second and it's not that, it's not that different. Exactly what's math? But numbers you know, come on. Duke officially announced his clan border watch several days later in Sacramento. He said 500 to 1000 Klansmen would patrol the border crossings in areas in between the fences in search of illegal immigrants. The reality was less impressive. Less than 200 Klansmen actually showed up to drive around and their activity at the border was limited to a few weeks. The Knights of Texas started patrolling their border at the same time, but in both cases, the border watches were more PR than practical. The clans newspaper, the Crusader, published a special. Critical to commemorate this heroic action, no single action in the last decade has done more to bring public attention and awareness on the border problem. Now, it would be more accurate to state that no single action did more to bring public awareness to the cause of white nationalism. Focusing on the border and illegal immigration was a hugely successful PR move for America's most organized racists. As David Duke himself noted, when 100 reporters are gathered around hanging on every word, when they help you accomplish your objectives by their own misguided sensationalism. If indeed it was a media stunt, it was by their own presence and admission that it was a very brilliant one. That's irrelevant to anything today. Yeah. No, it does not tie into. That's my favorite thing about coming on this podcast because it's how relevant it is. Yeah. Hearing, hearing stories and stuff that has nothing to do with what's going on. Like, because I like to, you know, we read the news all the time. We talk about all the time. And so you want to shut that part of your brain off and just one of the things that never happened just want to hear stories like this random thing happened. Yeah, that has. That doesn't tie into anything else. Nothing. You know, it does tie in to anything. Else ads for products and services. Yes, it might even be an ad for Sara Lee Deluxe throwing bagels. Yeah, they bounce right back products. Mint Mobile offers premium wireless starting at just 15 bucks a month. And now for the plot twist. Nope, there isn't one. Mint Mobile just has premium wireless from 15 bucks a month. There's no trapping you into a two year contract. You're opening the bill to find all these nuts fees. There's no luring you in with free subscriptions or streaming services that you'll forget to cancel and then be charged full price for. None of that. For anyone who hates their phone Bill, Mint Mobile offers premium wireless for just $15.00 a month. 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Thing, particularly young children out into nature so that they can experience it and take time off from this virtual world of being always on your cell phones and so on. And get the feel of nature so that you come to be fascinated, then you come to want to understand it, and then you come to love it and at that point you want to protect it. And then we'll come to the sort of healthy world that I envision as a good future for us. And the rest of life on this planet. Listen to amazing wildlife on the iHeartRadio app or wherever you get your podcasts. So by now we imagine that you've seen the theories on Tik T.O.K. You maybe even heard the rumors from your friends and loved ones. But are any of the stories about government conspiracies and cover ups actually true? The answer is surprisingly or unsurprisingly, yes. For more than a decade, we here at stuff they don't want you to know have been seeking answers to these questions. Sometimes there are answers that people would rather us not explore. Now we're sharing this research with you. For the first time ever in a book format, you can preorder stuff they don't want you to know. Now it's the new book from us, the creators of the podcast and video series. You can turn back now or read the stuff they don't want you to know. Available for pre-order now, it's stuff you should read books.com or wherever you find your favorite books. We're back, just like these bagels. We're back after I threw them because they bounced right back, which should be the tagline if the ******* Sara Lee people knew how to advertise a product. You hire A Sara Lee, sell some ************* bags, they bounce right back. They bounce right back. Oh good, I love it. We've got another career trajectory looming in this room. This feels more organic than pitching Doritos, because I love tossing bagels even more than you love. The euphemism for a lot of things, too. Tossing bagels. Yeah, Yep, Yep. My mind went places. Yeah. Yeah. If you're a fan of bagel salad as I am, yeah. Chopped out of bagels and a in a chicken stir fry salad and a coffee meat coffee-mate. Yeah, that's that's that's the, that's the cream. It's a reduction in the salad cream. I've been on this podcast a lot. This is the worst thing I've ever heard. Let's talk about stuff that's even worse. Cool. So while David Duke and Louis Beam were content to mostly use the question of illegal immigration to drum up interest in their super cool clubs, other Americans remained frustrated by the fact that no actual action had been taken to stop migrants from coming over. Enter civilian material assistance or the CMA. The CMA was founded in 1983 by a wholesale grocer from Arizona who wanted to provide aid to anti communist guerrillas fighting in Nicaragua. This aid eventually. Turned into actual volunteer fighters, several of whom died in that country. Kathleen Belew notes that quote in Nicaragua. CMA acted covertly on behalf of the US government. It was funded by the CIA and supplied by the US military. Cool. That's that good **** yeah. Now, the 1980s were a time in which a lot of civil wars were raging all across Latin America. Most of those wars were funded and in some ways supported by the CIA and the US military, for example. Also during this. The Guatemalan government was fighting an insurgency. They dumped suspected guerrilla fighters into the ocean out of helicopters so no one would find their bodies and disrupt the military aid they received from the United States. All this violence and unrest across the region let a lot of people to flee their homes and search for a better, less violent life in the United States. The CMA was not a fan of this, according to the Intercept quote. In the summer of 1986, approximately 20 heavily armed men in military fatigues stepped into the darkness of the Arizona desert. It was July 4th weekend outside the remote border town of Lochiel, and the gunmen were on the hunt, carrying M16 and AK-40 Sevens. With Israeli night vision goggles strapped to their heads, the vigilante soon found what they were looking for. Two car loads of Mexican Nationals, Jr Hagen, the Crucifix wearing Vietnam veteran who led the operation, would later say that the vehicles came to a stop on their own. Other members of his team disagreed, telling reporters that they booby trapped the road, tearing the tires of one of the. Mr shreds, before opening fire, it was the latest in a series of escalating CMA actions, which had also included clandestine forays into Mexico. This the militia members held 16 men, women and children at gunpoint for an hour and a half before Border Patrol agents arrived to take them away. Very big discrepancies in their stories. I love that they're they're protecting the US border by invading Mexico. Unbelievable. And it's fine. It's like, it's like almost like people, these hypermasculine people, they need this award to be fighting. They need to have. Some like battle at their planets. I get I I like guns. Why? We have football. I, I I get the the desire to LARP with a ******* AR15. Go do it on your friend's land and shoot it. Old cars don't **** with people's lives and shoot their vehicles. Playing video game. Play ******* video game. Yeah. Only. Yeah, like, go **** ** another country. And then when they come here, yeah, stop them. Oh no. With guns I love because it's really. I was like, OK, it's one guy said that they stopped on their own, but they disagreed. And I was waiting for like, no, they stopped. They, like, held up guns. They stopped the car. No, no. They booby trapped. No, no. We like, we like, put **** down. We were just standing in the middle of this. You want a war zone? Yeah. Yeah. No, they want a war. They want a civil war. They wanna revolution. There's a what? Hannity's old website and, like, 2009 that all these polls of, like, what revolution do you prefer? Yeah. And it's like, still I want a civil war. No, I want, like, like, revolt against the government. Just like all these different options. There's one thing they want. They have all those cool toys, and they want an excuse to use them. So nobody voted for the industrial revolution? No, man. That was my favorite. What's your favorite? Revolution? I just, you know what? You know what? Love is little cute, little Tikes working in factories that just yeah, that really gets me well, like, the keyword is cute. It's cute. It's cute when they think they are adults, when they're little hands that go into those grain threshers and they just try to pull the stuff out faster than it can cut their fingers. It's so cute. Wholesome adult hands wouldn't be able to do that. No, they wouldn't be less cute, and it would be less cute. Oh my God in there. The little, the little cute little fake limbs for them, the little peg legs and stuff, and they lose their legs and the threshers. Like that coffee. Like a little black black lung. Yeah, yeah. Think of how little those black lungs are too. It's adorable. I love a good little licorice Jelly beans in their in their chest. It's so cute. Yeah, you took it too far. If you did, you really did. Jelly beans are cute. No? You know what? Yeah, it hit Katie's mic. Mine. If I throw it out the other wall, what do you what does that expression, Sophie? Protest. But instead of it being like fire, yeah, it's a throwing. Absolutely. That's a great one. Your bagels back? Yes, please. Thank you. Yeah. Instead of them all the time. Yeah. Molotov cocktail bagel. But instead of it being like a weapon. I love that bagel. There's something here. Molotov locks, too. Something. We're close. We're getting there. We're getting there. I'm proud of all of us. We'll probably cut some of that out. Dan says no, Sir. Yeah. 1991 was an important year for America's political racists. That's the year David Duke ran for governor of Louisiana. He lost, but he won almost 39% of the popular vote, which is a lot of that's the magic number. It's like that, like that. There's always that range of people who will support this kind of stuff, like the president's current approval rating. I don't know you're talking about or who you're talking about. It was also the year of the Gulf War, and many of America's white supremacists were very much against that war happening. The Populist Party was founded by Willis Carto in 1984. Willis will get an episode himself, but the short of it is he was a modern America's first successful intellectual Nazi. Think of him as rich as the Richard Spencer of the 1980s and 90s. He kept his power level just wrapped up enough to avoid being tarred with the same brush as George Lincoln Rockwell. But he shared Rockwell's ultimate goal, uniting the American right behind white supremacist. Politics the Populist Party was a major early vehicle for David Duke's political career. In 1991 they picketed and protested the Gulf War blood and politics, cites one of the leaflets they handed out by the hundreds. Quote If the Populist Party were in power we would have hundreds of thousands of troops on the Mexican border, not in desert, desert sand dunes 10,000 miles away. There would be no affirmative action quotas or other anti white racist schemes. Anti white racist schemes. That's my oh God. Like waiting for like, no more wars. I didn't know. Just not where we want it closer, we wanna do it close. We want a war on those unarmed people trying to cross the border to kill those women and children. I want to see the war from our backyard. I want to be able to go partaking. Want to? I want a war. But I also don't want to have to go too far from a kitchen. Well, you don't want to have to fight a war in like a gross foreign country. No, you know you want to do it. When people don't wanna go home to my own bed. Exactly. America first. We're here. Forever import don't export. Exactly, exactly, exactly. We've got a word deficit, trade wise at the war gap. In 1992 or in 1992, Pat Buchanan ran in the Republican Party primary against George HW Bush. So did Tom Metzger, for that matter. Buchanan made border security the keystone issue of his campaign. During a press event at the border in May. He told the LA Times quote. I am calling attention to a national disgrace the failure of the national government of the United States to protect the borders of the United States from an illegal invasion that involves at least a million aliens a year. As a consequence of that, we have social problems and economic problems and drug problems, unfortunately for PAT. John Metzger showed up at the border that same day, intent on attacking Pat Buchanan from the right. Here's how blood and politics relates. What happened next? The only problem was Metzger, who waited with great fanfare for Buchanan to appear. Where was the great white hope? He sneered like a perfect villain in a street theater. I want to talk with him. When Buchanan finally did appear, he was forced to huddle in a small circle of supporters to avoid contact with Metzger. But the ornery Arian worked his way into camera range nevertheless. Pat, he yelled as all the cameras swung away from the candidate and toward him. What are we going to do about all those rich? Republicans making millions off the wet backs in the Imperial Valley. As the camera swung back and forth, Buchanan beat a hasty retreat after less than 15 minutes of photo less opportunity with the cameras all to himself. Metzger then staged his own press conference. If he were president, he argued volubly, he would station National Guard troops like a picket fence along the border, with orders to shoot to kill. The immigration problem would be over in one night, he declared. Wrong. That's wrong. But also cool. But also gross. It also grows. That's a yeah, that's it's always fascinating. Yeah, hearing, hearing current stories, like a like a picket fence. But just like, yeah, that's a beautiful fence with guns. On the right, yeah, that's that's a thing. That's a feat. Yeah. OK, OK. It's like, like, I've seen that conversation happen online many, many times, but just like, Oh yeah, two like candidates are. Doing their their Twitter, their Twitter argument. But in real life, yeah, and pulling them to the right. This is what we had to do before Twitter would show up at the border and shout at each other. Obviously, the 1992 election did not go to any Republican slick Willy, noted lawyer and probable ****** one. In the mid 1990s, Clinton's Border Patrol launched the prevention through deterrence campaign. This basically focused the Border Patrol in several specific border cities in an attempt to funnel migrants into the Sonoran Desert by basically blocking off all of the easy ways into the country. The idea was that migrants would realize there were no safe routes into the United States and thus stopped trying to enter. I'm sure that worked. Seems seems like. People fleeing war and in some cases literal genocide in their homes, would be stopped by crossing an additional desert desperation. And the human drive for survival is easily deterred. Yes, it very, very easily by like, a a single extra obstacle. Exactly. That isn't necessarily a worse obstacle than ones they've already gotten. That's a key way to get people to stop trying to do something like go through hell and be like, what about hell light? Yeah, what about a slightly less worse? Anyway, let's read the next paragraph. Oh no. It turns out thousands of migrants tried to cross and hundreds of them died in the Sonoran Desert. In many cases, they died due to lack of water, heat stroke and all the other terrible things that can happen to a body whilst traveling through the desert on foot. But a number of those migrants, we will never know how many, died violently. In 2000, UCO Deharo, a Mexican man, was shot to death by Texas landowner Sam Blackwood. UCO had asked Sam for water. Blackwood was convicted of a misdemeanor deadly conduct charge and fined $4000. Several members of the jury hugged members of his family after the verdict was given. All of this finally brings me to the Minutemen. Yep. Hmm. Now, if you're like me, the Minuteman Civil Defense Corps were the first vigilante border militia you ever heard about. They started in April of 2005 as the brainchild of a man named Chris Simcox. Now, Chris was born in 1961. His childhood occurred while David Duke was wearing a swastika in free speech Alley and Lewis Beam was machine gunning people in Vietnam. In his early years, Chris's life gave little hint that he would follow down an even vaguely similar path to those men. He moved out to LA with dreams of becoming an actor. After several years of failure, he became a kindergarten teacher instead and taught at the Wildwood School for 13 years. What it's just like. Like where this is going, you're you're really not going to like where this is going. By September 11th, 2001, he transitioned to running a private tutoring business. According to the nation quote, he appeared to suffer a mental breakdown in the days after the September 11th, 2001 terrorist attacks, refusing to communicate with anyone unless they first recited the preamble to the US Constitution and leaving a series of bizarre messages on his ex wife's answering machine about stockpiling weapons. I'm going on a great adventure, Simcox told his son three weeks after the attacks. This doesn't end well. Adventures are fun. Yeah, adventures are fun. I love adventure. I've never heard of a bad. Adventures are Avengers, Avengers, Avengers. Both are fun, both are fun, and nobody dies. And either either of them. That's my favorite thing about adventure is the never dying part. This adventure was Chris moving out to Tombstone, Arizona and getting a gig is a fake gunfighter and a local show for tourists. His dreams are coming true. Dreams are coming true. It's gonna be fun. He also sunk some of the savings into buying the Tombstone Tumbleweed, a small local paper. Chris changed its editorial direction from local news to ranting violently about immigrants. The next year, 2002, he founded the Tombstone Militia, which his own newspaper described as a committee of vigilantes. The Tombstone Militia started patrolling the border irregularly. In January 2003, Chris was arrested for illegally, infrequently, or, like, weirdly. Like, we did literally both. That's that's how you find duck costumes. But we don't do it that often. In 2003, Chris was arrested for illegally carrying a firearm in a National Park during one of these missions, the nation notes, also in his possession, where a police scanner and a toy figure of Wyatt Earp riding a horse. So it is weird, yeah, alright, everything's adding up. Yeah. In April of 2005, Chris teamed up with Jim Gilchrist, a retired accountant in Orange County, to start the Minuteman project. According to Chris, Citizen border patrols were needed to do the job the government refuses to do and protect the country from people he called invaders. Hmm, that's a new word. All of this is new. Not the same language that Louis Beam the Nazi used to justify the Klan Border Patrol a couple of decades earlier. Very totally different. The same identical language that any of these people use, or the President specifically, or the Christchurch shooter. Or I could. I mean, I should keep. Yeah, you. You know what? I'll just, I'll just, you know, I actually just one of you want to throw these bagels and anger at that one wherever you want. You toss those bagels. Nothing in here can be damaged. And this is a solid toss. They still bounce back to the bounces, back to Robert and the invasion is over. Does this play well on podcast? Ohh yeah, people love people love a good a good bagel throw. It's the cornerstone of my show. The Minuteman project lasted a month, and it mostly involved groups of volunteers sitting in lawn chairs near the border looking for migrants with binoculars. While it was unimpressive on the ground, the Minuteman project was a huge PR success. Fox paid particular attention, but coverage spanned the gamut of mainstream news sources. I found an NBC News article from June 2005, about two months after the Minutemen's first outing quote. Headlines from the Arizona event gave the group momentum and turned what some believe to be nothing more than a publicity stunt into a national movement. The group has since hired lawyers reorganized into separate. Corporations filed to legally protect the name Minuteman Project, hired a Washington based media consultant and started an aggressive fundraising campaign. And representatives of the group have been to Washington to lobby Congress and relate the lessons learned from their time on the border. So unless the work continues, it's just going to be viewed as a dog and pony show, said James Gilchrist, one of the Minuteman leaders. When the Arizona project wrapped up, he and Simcox unabashedly acknowledged that among their chief considerations in Arizona was getting media attention. So if you know one thing about the kind of people who create volunteer militias, it's that they're all impossible ******** who hate each other. Simcox and Gilchrist did not get along, and less than a month after blowing up, you know, press wise. Minuteman project yeah, yeah, I I'm hungover again, so I'm I'm reading some of this, like a ********. Less than a month after blowing up in the news, the Minute Man fractured into two separate groups. Gilchrist created Minuteman Inc, an organization aimed at fighting illegal immigration inside the US by attacking employers violating immigration laws. Simcox ran the Minuteman Civil Defense Corps, or MCDC. On paper, the two groups were part of the same larger hole. In reality, they had fairly little to do with each other. This worked out great for Chris. Talks because it meant he could solicit donations directly to his group without sharing with Gilchrist. By August of 2006, between 60,000 and 130,000 people had donated money to fund the MCDC's operations. Chris Simcox claimed that he'd received over $1.6 million. He claimed at that point to have more than 7451 Kaza migrantes, or migrant hunters, in his personal army. He claims these men had personally delivered 13,000 illegal aliens to the Border Patrol. Simcox and Gilchrist quickly gained the attention of powerful forces within the American Right. According to the nation quote, the Cannonball media Splash that followed attracted the attention of diner consultants. The chicago-based political consulting and fundraising operation is run by Phillip Sheldon, son of the traditional Values coalition. Long one of the nation's most spacious anti-gay crusaders diner is 1 cog in Phillip Sheldon's revenue generating machine, which also includes response unlimited, a direct mail firm promoted as the nation's best and most comprehensive source of mailing lists for conservative and Christian mailers and telemarketers. And perhaps best known for ghoulishly, purchasing a list of donors to Terry Schivo's legal fund from her parents several days before her death. Hmm. Cool, cool. That's cool. You know what is even cooler? Another mailing list that responds unlimited would happily sell to the highest bidder was a list of people who had subscribed to it. Now dead magazine called the spotlight. You guys ever heard of the spotlight spotlights? Yeah, well, the spotlight is a literal neo-Nazi news rag that mostly focused on denying the Holocaust was published by Willis Carto. Founder of the Populist Party and backer of David Duke. So Chris Simcox was happy to sell access to his mailing list to these these people, and all checks out cool. The the. Didn't care for the Nazi stuff. Didn't care. I didn't care for that. That part's not a fan of referring to them as migrant hunters. Yeah, that's pretty, pretty bold. That really made me so much. It didn't. Can I just say, like all of the above? Yeah, you can say that. I'm not a fan of migrant hunting either. You know what I am a fan of? Products. I love products. Services? Oh my gosh. You know, service now be included before we go out to ads. I'm going to try tossing something I've never tossed, and this might be an objectively bad idea. OK? I'm throwing the coffee, mate. What happens there's there's no way to know all the cream. It was fun. It's safe. Everything's good. Everything's fine. Nothing. Only because I backed it away part in the language, but nothing came out. But if you want something to come out. The product. 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Get premium wireless service from just $15.00 a month and no one expected plot twists at mintmobile.com/behind. That's mintmobile.com/behind. Seriously, you'll make your wallet very happy at Mint Mobile. Com slash behind. Hey, it's Rick Schwartz, one of your hosts for San Diego Zoo's Amazing Wildlife podcast. In this special episode, we sit down with Doctor Jane Goodall to hear her inspiring thoughts on how we can create a better future for humans, animals and the environment. Anything, particularly young children out into nature so that they can experience it and take time off from this virtual world of being always on your cell phones and so on. And get the feel of nature so that you come to be fascinated, then you come to want to understand it, and then you come to love it, and at that point you want to protect it. And then we'll come to the sort of healthy world that I envision as a good future for us. And the rest of life on this planet. Listen to amazing wildlife on the iHeartRadio app or wherever you get your podcasts. So by now we imagine that you've seen the theories on Tik T.O.K. You maybe even heard the rumors, your friends and loved ones. But are any of the stories about government conspiracies and cover ups actually true? The answer is surprisingly or unsurprisingly, yes. For more than a decade, we here at stuff they don't want you to know have been seeking answers to these questions, sometimes their answers that people would rather us not explore. Now we're sharing this research with you for the first time ever in a book format, you can pre-order stuff they don't want you to know now. It's the new book from us, the creators of the podcast and video series. You can turn back now or read the stuff they don't want you to know. Available for pre-order now, it's stuff you should read books.com or wherever you find your favorite books. We're back. Got those ads? I bought it. I bought it all. I'm still full from those ads. So am I. So am I. You know, let's let's let's fill our heads now with some some knowledge. Let's digest something. Knowledge bites. OK, so we were talking about response unlimited. People who buy up all the mailing lists. They bought the Minuteman's mailing list, or essentially Chris Simcox sold access to that. The nation actually managed to find out some of the people who purchased access to the Minuteman's mailing list. It included Judge Roy Moore. For his failed gubernatorial campaign, Oliver North's Freedom Alliance and some organization called Stop Puerto Rico Statehood. Fudge. They they know they're *******. Oh my goodness. Data. Cool. Yeah. Now, most new grifters and Chris Simcox's position would have ****** everything up within six months or less of their first grift going viral. But Chris is a smart dude. On April 19th, 2006, he showed up on Fox News's Hannity and Combs. He stated, with zero evidence, that 300,000 Middle Easterners had been apprehended entering the country let in the last year. This is a clear and present danger. It is the greatest threat to national security and public safety. The time frame. Negotiating is over. He then delivered an ultimatum to President George W Bush. Declare a state of emergency and deploy the National Guard and military reserves. Or by Memorial Day weekend we're going to break ground and we're going to start helping land owners to build a double layer security fence along their properties. Thus was born fence gate. OK, cool. President Bush was forced to send 6000 National Guard troops to the border to placate the fox watching crowd. Chris used the media storm around this to solicit. Even more donations. His plan was to buy up miles of private land along the border and build what he called an Israeli style security fence, including a 6 foot trench and concertina wire on top. By May 9th, just a few weeks after his Fox appearance, the fence had raised $175,000. A month later, almost $400,000 have been donated. Week by week, the Minuteman grew more and more tightly woven into the Republican establishment. In mid 2006, it was absorbed into the Declaration Alliance, a group formed by Conservative. Activist Alan Keyes in 1996 to fight abortion and gay rights. The alliance is president. Mary Lewis was a former assistant to Bill Kristol, editor of the now defunct Weekly Standard. During a Minuteman gathering, Keyes told the assembled militiamen. What we're doing here is not just building a fence, we are rebuilding a character. We are redefining a people now. In every press appearance in interview, Simcox has been careful to note that the Minutemen were nonviolent. When Alan Combs, foxes now dead Pocket Democrat, questioned Chris. About the fact that some Minutemen carried guns on patrol. Chris told him, Alan, this is a dangerous place. There are drug dealers. Our group in California yesterday came across some drug mules, one of them carrying an AR15. You know, our volunteers, thank God for the 2nd Amendment, are allowed to defend their lives if they're attacked. And when they put themselves in this dangerous situation, the same as the men and women of Border Patrol, they have that right. OK, the reality of the situation is that Chris Simcox, Jim Gilchrist, and many of their volunteers were champing at the bit for an excuse to murder. Brown people, I'm going to play an audio clip from documentary footage shot in 2004. The first person we're going to hear is Gilchrist. Not to be able to shoot the Mexicans on site, and that would end the problem. After two or three Mexicans are shot, they they'll stop crossing the border and they'll take their cows home too. And here's Simcox I feel that the people that are coming across. Invading this country, I think they should be treated as as enemies of the state. We need to start putting them in work camps. Anyone could have walked through this, the borders of this country, bringing bombs, chemicals, weapons of mass destruction. I think they should be shot on site personally. Yeah. You know, all those migrants bringing weapons of mass destruction. Yeah. You know, I looked into it because I wanted to know how many terrorists Al Qaeda guys have have snuck into America through the southern border. It's a it's still 00, but wondering if it's still. It's only been 18 years, yeah, so fingers crossed that changes. Exactly 18 years after people started worrying about it. You never know. It's interesting hearing all these people talk and say these terrible things that many of our public officials say and and now do and now do. Like the camps, like the camps, like insinuating that we should shoot them. But we won't. Maybe we, maybe we should. We won't. But we should be effective, effective. We work. I also like, yeah, the deterrent that'll deter them, it's and and that's what Gilchrist said, that, like, if you start, you only have to kill a few and it'll deter them. That's literally the same thing Nazi Tom Metzger said 30 years earlier that you start killing a few and it'll stop it. Yeah, yeah, yeah. It's important to note that the Minutemen, although they wrapped themselves in more moderate garb and were very tightly woven into the Republican Party, we're just as hateful and had intentions just as violent as the Neo Nazis and Klansmen who preceded them. Yeah, you know how like, people are talking about, like, Donald Trump and how, like, he's like, look what he's doing to everybody. Look what he's doing to the Republican Party. It's interesting how. It's less that and more he he's, he's he's an expression of it. He's, he's he's just the DJ. They were already dancing. He's like he got up and he pumped up the ******* ball. The one pump one cream to their rhetoric. Yes, he's the, if I may borrow a name, the spotlight. Yeah. Nice. Yeah, nice. Maybe a little bit. Yeah, so yes, the Minutemen wrapped themselves in the notion of protecting America, but what they really wanted was an excuse to murder Hispanics in Part 2. We're going to talk about what happened when some of them finally got that chance, but first plus. Oh yeah, P zone. We find peace zone. What are the piezo? I mean, it's you guys. You guys plug your stuff. Drop, drop a pee in the P zone. Look, we're here. We're here on the podcast a lot. You like that? We got our own podcast called even more news. Cody, you do the rest. I there's also a YouTube show called some more news on the videos, and my Twitter is doctor Mr Cody and my the show's Twitter some more news. And Kate's Twitter is Katie stole. Have a Twitter on my right. OK, on Twitter. You can follow me there. If you want to be my friend or my enemy, I'm taking both. I have. There's T-shirts you can buy on tea public. You can find this podcast on on Twitter or the Graham at at ******** pod. You can find all of the sources for this episode on behindthebastards.com. I don't think I have any other podcasts to plug Sophie, is that correct? You're just looking like you're angry at me. Like you're like, furious. I am I am I missing something? Oh, do you want me to throw the bagels again? OK, I'm gonna throw the bagels again. Knocked over Katie's drink. They are kidding. Progressively more dangerous. But I'm not. I'm not going to stop. Why would you? Why would you stop? Exactly. Just keep going. Keep going. That's some America logic. Speaking of America, I've podcast about what if civil war called? It could happen here. Spoilers. It's terrible. You know, the podcast is good, but yeah, I hope so anyway, the episodes over. Go throw some bagels. Hug a cat, give a cat bagels. We're done. Make a bagel sale. Episodes over. Hello, I'm Erica Kelly from the podcast Southern Fried True crime, and if you want to go from podcast fan to podcast host, do what I did and check out spreaker from iheart. I was working in accounting and hating it. Then after just 18 months of podcasting with Spreaker, I was able to quit my day job. Follow your podcasting dreams. Let's break your handle the hosting, creation, distribution, and monetization of your podcast. Go to spreaker.com. That's SPREAK. Theyare.com. Hey there, it's Ebony Monet, your co-host for the San Diego Zoo's Amazing Wildlife podcast. In this special episode, we're speaking with Doctor Jane Goodall about the fascinating journey that led to her impactful behavioural discoveries on chimpanzees. It wasn't until one of the chimpanzees began to lose his fear of me, but I began to really make discoveries that actually shook the scientific world. Life on the iHeartRadio app or wherever you get your podcasts? Hey, I'm dua Lipa and I'm thrilled to be back for the second season of my podcast Dua Lipa at your service alongside me and my guests lists and recommendations. The show features conversations with some of my biggest inspirations working across entertainment, politics, activism and much, much more. So please tune in and join me on this very special adventure. Listen to Dua Lipa at your service starting Friday 23rd of September on the iHeartRadio app. Apple podcasts or wherever you get your podcasts.